System of government in USA

The USA with the President as a head of state is a federation of 50 states with 48 on the continent, Alaska in the North and Hawaii in the Mid – Pacific. There is also one district DC – district of Columbia – this territory is not a state, the state capital is situated here.

The constitution: It went into effect in March 1787. The Bill of rights was added in 1ý91. This document guarantees freedom of religion(náboženství) free speech (projevu), free press the right to fair trial (právo na soud)etc. It gave the USA the principle of a balance power divided into three ranches (částí) – legislative, executive and judicial.

The legislative branch is made up of elected representatives. The Congress is divided into two parts: The house of Representatives consists of lawmakers who are elected according to the population of each state. Second part is senate – its seat is in the Capitol. The senate ha 100 members - 2 of each state. The executive branch is represented by the President and 13 executive departments. He is elected every 4 years.

The judicial branch is made up of Federal districts Courts, 11 Federal courts of Appeals and at the top the Supreme Court.

Political parties: The democratic Party is more liberal – they think that the government should provide wide social and economic programmes for those who need them. Their symbol is donkey. The republican Party puts more emphasis (důraz) on private enterprise (podnikání) and individual initiative. Their symbol is Elephant.

Flag and Anthem: The flag consist (sestává) of two parts – one smaller blue oblong (obdélník) with 50 white stars symbolising 50 American states and one larger oblong consisting of 6 white and 7 red stripes symbolising the original 13 states which use to be the British colonies. The flag is sometimes called “Old Glory” or “Stars and stripes.” The American Anthem is called “The Star – Spangled Banner.”

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